Why Thailand works
Cost of living is 60-70% below US norms. A nice 1-bedroom apartment in Chiang Mai is $400-$700/month. Couple living comfortably: $1,500-$2,500/month including everything.
Private hospitals (Bumrungrad, Bangkok Hospital, Samitivej) are world-renowned and cost 60-80% less than US. Many doctors trained in the US.
The O-A Visa requires 50, plus $24K in savings or $1,800/month income. Reasonable for retirees.
Vibrant expat communities in Chiang Mai, Bangkok, and Phuket.
Where to live
Chiang Mai: most popular retiree city. Cooler climate, affordable, large expat community. $1,200-$1,800/month for a couple.
Bangkok: massive, world-class. More expensive, more amenities. $2,000-$3,000/month.
Phuket / Koh Samui: beach lifestyle. Higher cost. $1,800-$2,800/month.
Hua Hin / Pattaya: beach towns, large retiree communities. $1,500-$2,200/month.
Visa pathway
O-A Visa (Retirement): age 50+, plus $24K in Thai bank account OR $1,800/month income. Plus health insurance ($100K coverage required). Apply at Thai consulate in US.
Issued for 1 year, multiple-entry, renewable. After 5+ years, can apply for permanent residency (rarely granted).
Citizenship: extremely difficult, generally requires marriage to Thai citizen + 5 years residence.
Taxes
Tax treaty exists. Thailand taxes residence-based income.
Most retirees with US-only income sources don't owe much Thai tax due to treaty and low Thai rates.
Local CPA can confirm specific situation.
Healthcare
Private hospitals: world-class. Bumrungrad in Bangkok serves 1.1M+ patients/year including many Americans.
Cash-pay: doctor visit ~$30-50. Major surgery 60-80% less than US.
International health insurance ($100-250/month) covers private hospitals.